The implications of intergenic polymorphism for major histocompatibility complex evolution.
نویسندگان
چکیده
A systematic survey of six intergenic regions flanking the human HLA-B locus in eight haplotypes reveals the regions to be up to 20 times more polymorphic than the reported average degree of human neutral polymorphism. Furthermore, the extent of polymorphism is directly related to the proximity to the HLA-B locus. Apparently linkage to HLA-B locus alleles, which are under balancing selection, maintains the neutral polymorphism of adjacent regions. For these linked polymorphisms to persist, recombination in the 200-kb interval from HLA-B to TNF must occur at a low frequency. The high degree of polymorphism found distal to HLA-B suggests that recombination is uncommon on both sides of the HLA-B locus. The least-squares estimate is 0.15% per megabase with an estimated range from 0.02 to 0.54%. These findings place strong restrictions on possible recombinational mechanisms for the generation of diversity at the HLA-B.
منابع مشابه
MMP3 -1171 5A/6A Promoter Polymorphism Affects Level of Serum Major Histocompatibility Complex Class Chain Related B in Breast Cancer Patients
Background and Aims: Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases 3 (MMP3) in breast cancer tumor progression and metastasis has been revealed. MMP3 -1171 5A/6A and 5A/5A polymorphisms in the gene promoter increase expression of the enzyme. The possible relationship of these polymorphisms and serum levels of major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related protein A and B (MICA/B) in br...
متن کاملIn silico analysis of Ta9 gene polymorphism in an Iranian Theileria annulata schizont-infected cell line S15 vaccine strain and native isolates
Bovine theileriosis is a tick-borne disease caused by obligate intracellular parasites related to the genus Theileria. Cellular immune responses protect cattle against pathogens through the activation of immune cells. Nowadays, live, attenuated vaccine of Theileria annulata (T. annulata) is being produced in Iran and is recommended for active cattle immunization. Detection of the immunogenic a...
متن کاملSimulation of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Structure and Peptide Loading into an MHC Binding Pocket with Teachers’Hands
Molecular understanding of three-dimensional (3D) peptide: MHC models require both basic knowledge of computational modeling and skilled visual perception, which are not possessed by all students. The present model aims to simulate MHC molecular structure with the hands and make a profound impression on the students.
متن کاملIdentification and characterization of major histocompatibility complex class IIB alleles from three species of European ranid frogs
Immune genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are among the most polymorphic genes in the vertebrate genome. Due to their polymorphic nature, they are often used to assess the adaptive genetic variability of natural populations. This study describes the first molecular characterization of 13 partial MHC class IIB sequences from three European ranid frogs. The utility of previously...
متن کاملI-16: The Evolution of Morality and Implications for Animal Usage
The propensity to show moral behaviour has evolved in all animals living in complex societies as it promotes social stability. All major religions provide a structure for a moral code. The code is valuable in the societies where the religions have influence. The most important aspects of morality are the same in all countries. Because of their moral code, people consider that they have obligati...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
برای دانلود متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید
ثبت ناماگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید
ورودعنوان ژورنال:
- Genetics
دوره 156 2 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2000